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While several countries attempted to improve their income taxation model by adopting modified versions of DIT, Turkey has not implemented a pure DIT model but abolished the old return system and applied a final withholding tax on capital and interest incomes in 2006. Nonetheless, top marginal tax rate on earned.

The financial troubles of Ottoman Empire which started in 16th century reached its ultimate point in 19th century. The Ottoman Empire searching to get rid of these troubles directed towards making some reform activities during the Tanzimat Era. Some of the money needed for these reform activities was met via.

Government, public finance, and public debt framed the historical background for exceptional financial business opportunities for Henry Burnay as a private banker and a network with Baring Brothers, Comptoir National d'Escompte, Banque de Paris et des Pays Bas, Neuflize et Cie., Crédit Lyonnais, Société Générale, Deutsche Bank, Bank fur Handel&.

This paper empirically investigates the growth effect associated with aid and its volatility during the period 1995-2008 in the case of five South Asian economies. The aid is classified into short impact, long impact and humanitarian aid. We obtained results for each of the country by employing two-stage least squares.